Dr. Vinod Rai
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QUESTIONS

FAQ

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterised by recurrent epileptic seizures (mostly sudden jerking, tingling or loss of consciousness) caused by abnormal or excessive electrical discharges from brain cells.
About 65 percent of new epilepsy cases have no obvious cause. Of the rest, the more common reasons include stroke, congenital abnormalities, brain tumors, trauma, and infection (TB and NCC).
Diagnosis is based on medical history, witness details, and tests like:
• EEG: Measures electrical activity.
• MRI Brain: To see structural changes.
• Blood Tests: To check sugar, electrolytes, liver, and kidney function.
A neurologist best decides the diagnosis and cause of epilepsy and chooses the best medication for individual patients.
Medicines can control seizures in about 70 percent of patients. Correct diagnosis of the type of epilepsy is vital for choosing the best treatment.
Generally, patients who have seizures that start in a focal area of the brain, and that have not been controlled with medicine, are considered for surgery.
Migraine is characterized by constant throbbing pain at the temples and forehead, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light/noise.
About 15-20% of people experience an aura—neurological symptoms like flashing lights or numbness—before the headache begins.
Environmental factors like foods, hormonal changes, weather, and stress can trigger a migraine. Keeping a headache diary helps identify them.
Tension: Band-like pressure from stress.
Cluster: Severe pain in groups/one side.
Sinus: Inflammation/Infection causing localized pain.
Vertigo is an illusion of motion or a chronic sensation of loss of balance.
Most causes are treatable with physical therapy (Vestibular rehabilitation), medication, and time.
BPPV occurs when small calcium crystals break loose in the inner ear. It is treated effectively with a Particle Repositioning Maneuver.
Stroke is vascular damage due to blockage or bleeding. Remember F.A.S.T: Facial Droop, Arm Weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call help.
Ischemic strokes can be treated with tPA (clot-dissolving drug), but only within a small time window (usually 4.5 hours).
Monitor blood pressure, sugar, cholesterol, stop smoking, and exercise regularly.
A progressive brain disorder due to loss of dopamine-producing cells. Primary symptoms: tremors, rigidity, slowness (bradykinesia), and balance issues.
Medications provide relief. In some cases, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery is recommended.
MS is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the CNS. Types include Relapsing-remitting, Secondary progressive, Primary progressive, and Progressive relapsing.
Not yet, but FDA-approved medications can modify the disease course, reduce relapses, and delay disability.
Pain radiates from the lower back through the legs due to sciatic nerve compression, often caused by a herniated disc or bone spur.
Rest, pain relievers, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes like weight management and improving posture.
Inability to fall or stay asleep, often secondary to medical or psychological problems like stress, anxiety, or depression.
  • 1. Schedule: Stick to a consistent bedtime and wake time.
  • 2. Ritual: Relaxing activity before bed.
  • 3. Naps: Avoid late-afternoon naps.
  • 4. Exercise: Daily activity (not right before bed).
  • 5. Environment: Keep room cool (60-67°F), dark, and quiet.
  • 6. Comfort: Use a high-quality mattress and pillows.
  • 7. Light: Sunlight in morning, avoid bright light at night.
  • 8. Diet: Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and heavy meals at night.
  • 9. Wind Down: No electronics 1 hour before bed.
  • 10. Help: Record a sleep diary and see a doctor for chronic issues.